Which two elements of culture are NOT observable?

The selection of values and beliefs as the correct answer highlights a fundamental distinction in cultural elements. Values and beliefs are intrinsic components of a culture that shape individuals' actions and interactions but are not directly visible. They represent the underlying principles and convictions that guide behavior, influencing how a group perceives the world and makes decisions. For instance, while a community may practice certain rituals or customs, the values and beliefs that underpin those practices might remain unspoken and internalized.

In contrast, the other elements mentioned, such as behaviors, norms, traditions, and customs, are observable. Behaviors are actions that individuals display, while norms represent the expected conduct within a culture. Traditions and customs are frequently enacted and can be witnessed during various cultural practices. Although attitudes may reflect internal feelings, they often manifest in observable behavior as well. Thus, values and beliefs stand out as elements that guide behaviors without being directly seen, making them significant but not observable aspects of culture.