Which of the following is NOT one of the warfighting functions?

The warfighting functions are essential components of military operations that help commanders understand how to structure and employ their forces effectively. The recognized warfighting functions include Protection, Movement and Maneuver, Intelligence, and Fires, among others.

Psychological operations are critical to influencing perceptions and behaviors in both enemy and civilian populations, but they are not classified as a core warfighting function. Instead, psychological operations are typically seen as a supporting effort that can enhance the effectiveness of operations across various warfighting functions. Thus, the distinction lies in the fact that psychological operations serve to support and augment capabilities rather than form one of the foundational elements that define how military forces are employed in combat.

The other choices—Protection, Movement and Maneuver, and Intelligence—are all integral to achieving military objectives and are routinely incorporated into operational planning and execution, distinguishing them clearly as part of the core warfighting functions.